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佛罗里达州(英文:State of Florida)是美国南部的一个州,亦屬於墨西哥灣沿岸地區,是美國人口第四多的州。
歷史早於歐洲人抵達佛羅里達州前幾千年,该處已經有人種居住。 西班牙航海家胡安·龐塞·德萊昂在1513年4月2日,發現這片地方。時值西班牙人稱為Pascua Florida(花的節期)的復活節季節,所以此地被德萊昂 命名為La Florida。 隨後西班牙和法國殖民者逐漸在佛羅里達半島上建立佔據地。其中在1559年建立的彭薩科拉和1565年建立的聖奧古斯丁成為歐洲人在北美洲建立的最早的聚居地。而彭薩科拉和聖奧古斯丁亦分別成為當時西班牙統治下的西佛羅里達和東佛羅里達的首府。而西班牙殖民者在17世紀已成功佔領整個佛羅里達半島和附近地區。 18世紀後期,由於西班牙屬佛羅里達受到西面的法屬路易斯安那和北面英國北美十三州殖民地和隨後獨立的美國等列強進逼,西班牙屬佛羅里達的面積有所減少。在1819年西班牙與美國簽定條約,將西班牙屬佛羅里達割讓給美國,以換取美國承認西班牙在德克萨斯州的利益。 佛羅里達正式於1845年3月3日成為美利堅合眾國的第27個州。但1861年,美國南北戰爭爆發,佛羅里達州於1861年1月10日宣佈脫離「聯邦」,隨後並加入美利堅聯盟國,與「聯邦」對抗。1865年美利堅聯盟國戰敗,佛羅里達州國會代表團在1868年6月25日重新加入國會,佛州恢復在聯邦政府地位。 著名的迪士尼世界位於本州的奧蘭多市內。 法律與政府地理國家公園
經濟在2007年,佛州的GDP達到7135億美元.在美國所有州裡排名第4大,個人所得達到36,665美元,排名全國第20名. 在佛州,旅遊業所貢獻的收入佔總經濟體最多.溫暖的天氣和沙灘美景每年吸引將近6千萬的遊客.尤其是在Orlando風景區所吸引的旅客最多.華特迪士尼世界渡假區也是世界最大的度假村;迪士尼世界由靠近Buena Vista湖的4個主題世界和超過20間旅館,飯店組成.特別是在冬季,環球Orlando渡假區,Busch花園,海洋世界和其他幾個渡假村每年都吸引了大量的遊客到佛羅里達來. 在佛羅里達第2大產業是農業,尤其是柑橘類.在美國,大多的柑橘水果都產自於佛羅里達州佔了全國生產量的67,百分之74的橘子和百分之58的柑橘,54的葡萄柚. About 95 percent of commercial orange production in the state is destined for processing (mostly as orange juice, the official state beverage).[61] Citrus canker continues to be an issue of concern. Other products include sugarcane and celery.[62] The Everglades Agricultural Area is a major center for agriculture. The environmental impact of agriculture — especially water pollution— is a major issue in Florida today. Phosphate mining, concentrated in the Bone Valley, is the state's third-largest industry. The state produces about 75 percent of the phosphate required by farmers in the United States and 25 percent of the world supply, with about 95 percent used for agriculture (90 percent for fertilizer and 5 percent for livestock feed supplements) and 5 percent used for other products.[63] Since the arrival of the NASA Merritt Island launch sites on Cape Canaveral (most notably Kennedy Space Center) in 1962, Florida has developed a sizable aerospace industry. In addition, the state has seen a recent boom in medical and bio-tech industries throughout its major metropolitan areas. Orlando was recently chosen as the official site for the new headquarters of the Burnham Institute, a major bio-tech and medical research company. The state was one of the few states to not have a state minimum wage law until 2004, when voters passed a constitutional amendment establishing a state minimum wage and (unique among minimum wage laws) mandating that it be adjusted for inflation every six months. Currently, the minimum wage in the state of Florida is $6.79 as of January 1, 2008. Historically, Florida's economy was based upon cattle farming and agriculture (especially sugarcane, citrus, tomatoes, and strawberries). In the early 1900, land speculators discovered Florida, and businessmen such as Henry Plant and Henry Flagler developed railroad systems, which led people to move in, drawn by the weather and local economies. From then on, tourism boomed, fueling a cycle of development that overwhelmed a great deal of farmland. In 2004 and 2005, key industries along the west coast — commercial fishing and water-based tourist activities (sports fishing and diving) — were threatened by outbreaks of red tide, a discoloration of seawater caused by an efflorescence of toxin-producing dinoflagellates. Florida is one of the nine states that do not impose a personal income tax (list of others). The state had imposed a tax on "intangible personal property" (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, money market funds, etc.), but this tax was abolished after 2006. The state sales tax rate is 6%.[64] Local governments may levy an additional local option sales tax of up to 1.5%. A locale's use tax rate is the same as its sales tax rate, including local options, if any. Use taxes are payable for purchases made out of state and brought into Florida within six months of the purchase date. Documentary stamps are required on deed transfers and mortgages. Other taxes include corporate income, communication services, unemployment, solid waste, insurance premium, pollutants, and various fuel taxes. 人口
種族及祖先在佛羅里達州的居民祖先中,非裔美國人(14.6%)最多,其次是德國人(11.8%)、愛爾蘭人(10.3%)、英國人(9.2%)和美國人(17%)。 亞裔人口約371,385,亞裔國家依次序為印度95,043,菲律賓80,660、越南55,555、華裔55,508、韓國21,975、和日本14,624,其餘亞裔國家僑胞約為48,020。統計數字來自2005年非官方正式統計,不包括非法入境者人數。 宗教信仰宗教上,佛羅里達州的新教徒(Protestant)較多數,但隨著拉美裔移民的加入,羅馬天主教的比例正逐漸升高。下列是佛羅里達州的人口信仰比例。 重要城市
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